Southern Command in the Panama Canal Zone, and the other U.S. Shuff, "the most positive threat to hemispheric security is submarine action in the Caribbean Sea and along the coast of Latin America." (4) However, after the Kennedy administration took office in 1961, "the basis for military aid to Latin America abruptly shifted from hemispheric defense to internal security, from the protection of coastlines and from antisubmarine warfare to internal defense against Castro-Communist guerrilla warfare." (5) Consequently, grants for counterinsurgency training and equipment were made available under the MAP program beginning in 1963. aid represents about seven percent of Latin America's total defense expenditures (which run at about $1.516 billion annually) however, the $80 million in arms assistance supplements the amount Latin armies spend on arms purchases by more than 50 percent, and by more than 90 percent in some of the smallerĪs recently as 1960, the main objective of the Military Assistance Program in Latin America was the development of a strong antisubmarine capability according to the then Acting Assistant Secretary of Defense, Charles H. Aid to Latin America is currently running at $98 million per year (of which $13.3 million represents training, $4.2 million for civic action projects, and the remaining $80.5 million for arms acquisition). military assistance to Latin America in the period 1953-1966 amounted to $1.136 billion (see Table I). Such agreements were subsequently signed with Ecuador, Cuba, Colombia, Peru, and Chile in 1952 with Brazil, the Dominican Republic, and Uruguay in 1953 with Nicaragua and Honduras in 1954 with Haiti and Guatemala in 1955 and with Bolivia in 1958. A country became eligible for these funds upon ratification of bilateral mutual defense assistance pacts with the United States. Under the Mutual Security Act of 1951, funds were to be made available for the strengthening of Latin armies in the interests of Hemispheric defense. Military aid to Latin America was suspended in the immediate postwar era as the Cold War intensified, however, the rearmament of Latin American armies once again became a U.S. and to gain military cooperation in the event the Western Hemisphere became involved in World War II."(2) These objectives were largely realized following the entry of the United States in the war, when Latin America provided temporary bases, stepped up production of strategic materials, and collaborated in antisubmarine and other defense operations. aid were "to enable the area to defend itself better against external aggression. military assistance to Latin America can be traced to the eye of World War II, when Washington, in order to counter the threat of Fascist and Nazi subversion, began to establish military missions."(1) (The United States has maintained a monopoly on military missions in Latin America since 1941, when the European military missions were withdrawn, except of course in Cuba.) Initially, the objectives of U.S. Edwin Lieuwen of the University of New Mexico in his excellent study, The Latin American Military, "The origins of U.S. program aimed at military operations in Latin America. The Military Assistance Program (MAP) constitutes the most important U,S.
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This is either the ship/station you ran the command from, or your current target if using the hotket (if no target, then the playership) X: Rebirth (2013) a Spin-Off set after the gates shut down. Dec 10, 14:47 11 Replies 70929 Views Last post by phantomrock2 Wed, 18. X3: Albion Prelude (2011) expansion pack for Terran Conflict X3: Farnham's Legacy (2021) expansion pack for Albion Prelude After Albion Prelude, Egosoft switched to a new, and more powerful game engine for the next games of the series. It was developed over five years by long-term members of the Egosoft community in close cooperation with the team at Egosoft.
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Isn’t object storage (under the hood) just network file system with rest API access?Ī. Or you submit a key-value and get the object (stream of 1s and 0s) in return. You submit data (stream of 1s and 0s) and get a key-value in return. The software makes these objects (full of 0s and 1s) available via a key-value systems and/or a RESTful API. Then The Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA) came along… The short answer is some software (running in the storage server, storage device, or the cloud) organizes the 0s and 1s into objects stored in a file system or object store. Then there were chip companies, storage companies, and networking companies. In the beginning there were electrons, with conductors, insulators, and semi-conductors (we skipped the quantum physics level of explanation). How is data converted to objects or vice versa?Ī. Thus customers who care most about simplicity and minimizing their integration/support work tend to buy commercial appliances or storage software, while large customers who have enough staff to do their own storage integration, testing and support may prefer open-source solutions so they don’t have to pay software license fees. As is usually the case with other open-source, these solutions typically make storage (block, file or object) available at a lower acquisition cost than commercial storage software or appliances, but at the cost of higher complexity and higher integration/support effort by the end user. Open source software solutions are available for block, file and object storage. How do open source block, file and object storage products play into the equation?Ī. It was not the intention of this webinar to conflate cloud and object storage we leave that to the SNIA Cloud Storage Initiative (CSI). Security can be required and deployed in both enterprise and cloud storage environments, and for block, file and object storage. Cloud storage can be block, file, and/or object, though object storage is perhaps more popular in public and private cloud than it is in non-cloud environments. This is a very common problem with discussions of objects - they typically become descriptions of one vendor’s cloud features.Ī. I feel that this discussion conflates object storage with cloud storage features, and presumes certain cloud features (for example security) that are not universally available or really part of Object Storage. If you deploy local object storage that does not include any remote replication or erasure coding protection, you should implement some other form of backup or replication, perhaps at the hardware or operating system level. Most object storage systems have built-in data protection using either replication or erasure coding which often replicates the data to one or more remote locations. What is the best way to backup a local Object store system?Ī. File storage also often allows access to specific data within a file and in many cases shared writes to the same file, while object storage typically offers only shared reads and most object storage systems do not allow direct updates to existing objects. Another difference is the access method–folder/file/offset for files and key-value for objects. What is the main difference between object and file? Is it true that File has a hierarchical structure, while object does not?Ī. NFS and SMB both let you specific block I/O size. That is correct, block size refers to the size of data in each I/O and can be applied to block, file and object storage, though it may not be used very often for object storage. Regarding block size, I thought that block size settings were also used to tune and optimize file protocol transfer, for example in NFS, am I wrong?Ī. If encryption is offloaded to the HBA, drive, or SmartNIC then it might not affect performance. Encryption requires processing power so if it’s done by the main CPU it might affect performance. These methods can usually also be applied to block and object storage. Encryption of file data on the wire can be done by the storage software, OS, or specialized network cards. Yes, encryption of file data at rest can be done by the storage software, operating system, or the drives themselves (self-encrypting drives). What about the encryption technologies on file storage? Do they exist, and how do they affect the performance compared to unencrypted storage?Ī. As promised, our experts have answered them all here. This great debate generated many interesting questions. Object Storage.” If you haven’t seen it yet, it’s available on demand. 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Residual functional capacity measures how much a person’s disabling impairments prevent him or her from meeting the requirements of the workplace. The Social Security Administration uses residual functional capacity (RFC) to assess your eligibility for benefits. If you are unable to work due to a medical condition or disability, you may be entitled to Social Security benefits. Therefore, if you have a burst pipe, do not delay calling a plumber. It can cause extensive damage to your home or business and can even lead to flooding. Burst pipesĪ burst pipe is one of the most serious plumbing emergencies. While a plunger can sometimes take care of the problem, in some cases, the clogging is too severe and you’ll need to seek emergency plumbing services to fix the issue. An overflowing toilet can cause water damage and pose a serious health hazard, so it’s important to take care of the problem as soon as possible. Toilets can become clogged for a variety of reasons. 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Rather they were just ways for the geeky people who were using that new invention “the internet” to have some real-time chats.įast forward to today and Chat Avenue still caters to the casual chatter and draws people from all ages, locations, and types into friendly online chatting. The site really is old, it started in 1999 which makes it one of the very first free chat websites, and like most of them at that point, they were neither commercial nor adult-oriented. Available either as an App on Android called “Free Chat – #1 Chat Avenue” or the website this historic free chat site has recently taken a turn towards camming with the introduction of webcam support in the video chat room. |
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